This is the first time that an international effort is undertaken to investigate and disseminate the practices that make journalists accountable for the quality of their work. We believe this can help strengthen and spread media accountability, as we will publish a directory of best practices, cases and experts, as well as develop recommendations and guidelines.

In the phase of the project I’m involved in we will conduct interviews with experts during October and November in half a dozen of countries. Prior to that, we are using an innovative approach to gather data about existing practices and media events that triggered innovations in media accountability and criticism. The technological platform we are using, Etherpad, is an open source collaborative document platform, much more robust than Google Docs (no wonder why Google hired the creators of Etherpad so that the project is now discontinued, though still available).

Our idea in using Etherpad is that several experts can put together much more fruitful and accurate data if they work on the same document than through separate surveys. One of the purposes of this project is building up a lively network of experts committed with the quality of journalism, and this collaborative documents are the first step. Please, let me know if you want to participate.

There will be quite a lot of Catalan scholars presenting in the event considering our small academic community in Communication Studies: Roberto Suarez (Univ. Pompeu Fabra), David Fernández-Quijada (Univ. Autònoma de Barcelona) and myself.

Video

Ironically enough, video was the easiest thing to deal with. We opted for Blip.tv as our host and followed their instructions for formatting, achieving very good technical quality. Having a single user at Blip.tv for the whole class actually works as an online TV channel for our magazine, which allows RSS sindication of the audiovisual material and adds visibility to our website.

Installing the Viper’s Video Quicktags plugin on WordPress we were able to use a very simple tag generated by Blip.tv (check for the “WordPress” option on the orange buttons on the right of the video page). Advantage is that the tag works both in the visual and HTML views of the CMS, which is crucial, as you’ll soon see.

Audio

We could not use Blip.tv for audio, as Viper’s plugin needs to set a video width and height and shows a black screen for the audios. Therefore we opted for a WordPress buit-in option. First, we needed to enable the upload of files to the server. Any FTP program should allow you to change the writing privileges of the folder you want to use to store your media (777 is the key you want to set) so that WP can send files from the post form without you having to use FTP everytime (which would be a burden for the reporters).

You upload MP3 files using the audio option of the “add media” icons at the top of the main text form in WP. One option is to embed the audio in the text, as a link. To do that you should use the word that acts as a link as the “title” of the audio in the audio form. A more elegant option is to embed a player between two paragraphs of text. To do that, you should have installed the WP-FLV plugin. Once you have uploaded the audio file, go to the HTML view of the post form and press the FLV button. You need the URL of the file (generated when you uploaded it), and should set the height to 0 so that only the player controls show. The downside of this option is that it generates html code that will be destroyed by WP if you switch back to visual view in the post form. Stupid but true.

Photos

This should be the easiest, but is actually the trickiest because WP is very flexible with photos. I have tried to convince my students to give photos the publication size (using a photo editor) before uploading them and then select “full size” in the upload options to guarantee that we control that aspect. Left and right alignment do not always work, may be a template issue.

In Mimbo (the one I opted to use), putting photos on the homepage requires adding a “Image” custom field with the name of the image file that you need to upload by FTP to a specific folder in the theme folder. Sounds cumbersome, but as the homepage is something that only one person at a given edition will be doing you can have the FTP set up in Dreamweaver on a specific computer and have the student-editor get there to upload the pictures, resized to fit the homepage requisites.

Text

Students tend to write on MS Word and cut and paste their texts into the post form. I need to remind them all the time to switch to the HTML view before pasting, because the visual view keeps MS tags that alter the format of the text and end up being a mess.

Homepage

Once all stories have been posted, it is time to generate the homepage. This is quite a bit of manual work, because we are trying to fool WP -designed to post stories in the homepage in inverted chronological order- to order the stories as we please. WP lets you edit the index.php template right from the CMS admin interface, and that’s what you do to get your customized homepage.

The key is knowing the id number of the categories of your publication (check them in the “Manage>Categories” page). To speed up production, you should create two “hidden” categories (use the Category Visibility-iPeat Rev plugin to hide them from the main website menu): “Main Story” and “Features”. You can asign these categories to the stories you want to show in the first position and the left column, respectively. Just need to make sure the ids in the template match the numbers of the categories you created. These are the stories where you will add the “Image” custom field with photos for the homepage.

For the right column, you may want to always keep the same sections/categories (this way you don’t need to edit the template everytime) or change them over time. Both left and right columns may be edited in the template to show more or less stories. They obviously pick up the latest published in the selected categories. The result is quite convincing and management can be reduced to a minimum.

In a field where most books tend to deal with the theoretical possibilities of online news, we have tried
to offer a reality-check: researchers contributing to the book have lived with journalists in the online newsrooms to describe their real practices and the constraints they face. We hope that this perspective will be very useful for the teaching of online journalism and for professionals willing to have a deeper understanding of the evolution of their job.

It is, at the same time, an invitation for more ethnographic research, for the rich data it generates. Ethnography entails observing professionals at work until their routines and values are fully understood, but also in-depth interviews and work with on-site documents. It is time-consuming, but the results are worth the effort!

The book has two added attractive features: it has a multi-national dimension, showcasing examples from Argentina to Germany, from the USA to China. And also, it collects research from different moments in the evolution of online journalism, form late 1990s to 2007: it can be read in part as a history of online news.

We have set up a website, makingonlinenews.net to continue the task of the book. Our intention is to keep track of relevant and critical online journalism research. There you will also find info about the book chapters and authors. The book will be in stores on May and you can already pre-order it on Amazon –you will get a 5% discount!

Toplikar sent me the profiles they are looking for, a good guide to understand how the online media industry is evolving. A combination of technical skills and reporting experience is the bottom line:

- Flash Designer: We are looking for someone who is good at building flash
graphics and 3D motion graphics to go with analytical news stories written
by our reporters. This position would also work with photographers on
enhancing their flash graphic skills. And this person would work with our
artist and cartoonist on animating their work.
- Videographer: We are looking for someone who has skills at shooting,
editing and processing video news stories for the Web. I was hoping to find
someone who has shot and produced TV-station quality video who could help
us also help the Sun create a new video identity online.
- Web Content Editor: This person would work with reporters and editors at
building deep, evergreen content sites that would contain granular content
about specific Las Vegas area topics. This person would need to be a good
writer and also have multimedia Web skills.
- Web Technician: This person would have all the skills of a multimedia
reporter, but would mostly do processing work at a desk. The person would
process video, audio and provide other assistance for the multimedia for
our daily updates and for our deep content sites. Skills in editing video
and audio clips, helping to create podcasts and vodcast will be essential.

As discussed by Mindy McAdams some months ago, few Journalism graduates would easily fit these profiles. In my Online Journalism course I’m trying to give the students the basic bricks for a job like these offered by Las Vegas Sun: awareness of the technological options, ability to learn to use new tools and critical thinking to decide when and how to use any storytelling strategy. This might not be enough, but Dave Toplikar told me he really wants to get journalists not just technical staff. And a journalist with the right attitude will quickly learn how to put together the puzzle of multimedia storytelling.

Dave was at the University of Iowa this week, sharing his expertise with different courses in the School of Journalism as a part of a very nice “Professionals in residence” program. This week my students were editing the video for some original reporting they are preparing as web stories. This are the tips that Dave sent me for them today:

I really appreciated their questions about how to decide when they should use a video camera or an audio recorder to add multimedia to a story. It’s something that I’ve struggled with too over the last few months. But I think the best answer I can give them now is to try to prioritize stories by importance and by timeliness. If a reporter has a lot of time to do everything himself or herself, then they could do the whole package.

But if it’s a breaking story, or a story that has to go in the next day’s paper or on TV that night, you’re going to want to spread out the workload and give it to the best people who can do the best parts of the job in the amount of time they have. For example, I wouldn’t want to send one person carrying a still camera, a lens bag, a video camera, a tripod, lights, an audio recorder, a notebook and a pen out to a
story, unless I was going to give them plenty of time to get the information, then plenty of time to write, process the photos, make an audio slide show and make a web video.

Sometimes, all I have time to do is write the story before I have to go on to the next story. So I depend on a web producer to add some other elements to my story, such as scanned documents, outside links or links to archived stories.

This is probably pretty obvious, but I would recommend students who are already good at shooting and editing video to work on their writing skills. And if a reporter is already a good writer, that reporter can move on to learning multimedia skills, such as photography, video and sound editing. And let’s not forget editors: If an editor is good at laying out pages in Quark, they probably would have no trouble at all learning how to lay out and design Web pages. Having multiple skills will help them find jobs much more quickly.

What I most appreciated of Dave is his avid attitude to learn new things. That is what make him who he is, and the Lawrence Journal-World website. He showed me his own videos in his iPod [photo], and still told me that he wanted to learn more from the TV guys.

Some other relevant things he explained us that can let you understand why the LJW is regarded as a lab of the newspaper of the future (NYTimes dixit):

• There are no reporters for the web. Newspaper and TV reporters negotiate who covers each story (sometimes both, sometimes one passes data to the other) and the 3 online journalists (“web producers” at LJW) build on that reporting to create web stories that have more than just the text or the video when needed.

• The web does not cover national or international news, and therefore the online journalists avoid the silly routine of editing AP wire. They wisely assume that who wants national news goes to CNN.com or NYT.com. The newspaper is a different product, where readers expect a summary of what’s going on in the world without having to buy another paper.
• A big multimedia story requires planning and 2-3 weeks of work in newsgathering and production. But their web is also attractive for breaking news (the reporter usually tells on the phone the first data to the web producers) and evergreen content (U Kansas basketball background data, local restaurants guide…).
• Newspaper reporters don’t feel comfortable producing video; TV reporters prefer not to write paper stories. Everyone prefers what they are used to and editors want their reporters to prioritize their own product. It takes a while to get used to be multimedia! A “managing editor for convergence” tries to push everyone further and journalists receive training in house by peers.
• The bottom line is still doing good reporting, no matter what formats you use. That is the priority for Dave. The online strategy evolves constantly, exploring possible options, and thinking about the future “everything is possible”. Convergence, audience participation… are just part of the experiment!